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American Indians in the Federal Decennial Census, 1790-1930

Microfilmed Records, Records in the 威尼斯人娱乐场 Catalog, and Additional Resources

Prior to 1900 few Indians are included in the decennial Federal census. Indians are not identified in the 1790-1840 censuses. In 1860, Indians living in the general population are identified for the first time. Nearly all of the 1890 census schedules were destroyed as the result of the fire at the Department of Commerce in 1921.

Beginning with the 1900 census, Indians are enumerated on reservations as well as in the general population. For information on other Bureau of the Census Indian schedules, see American Indians in Bureau of the Census Records, Selected Records Relating to Enumeration of Pueblo Indians, 1790-1939, and Selected Microfilm Pertaining to Eastern Cherokee Enumeration.

Indexes: Usually, it is necessary to consult a name index for a particular federal census to find an Indian ancestor. These indexes are available for nearly all states and territories, and the following should be kept in mind when consulting them:

  • If the person is not found under their Indian name, check the anglicized name
  • In Soundex indexes, Indian names may be coded one of two ways; for example, Black Hawk may be found under Black (B420) or Hawk (H200).
Microfilm Publication Title Microfilm Pub ID / Catalog Info 威尼斯人娱乐场 Catalog Descriptions
1850 Census

Note: This is the first census to list all family members and record information about each person. People are identified as white, black, or mulatto; although in rare instances as Indian. There was no census in Indian Country (most of the mid-West).

M432:





1860 Census

Note: People were identified as white, black, or mulatto; although in rare instances as Indian (usually in column 6, with the notation "Ind" or "In." There was a census of Indian Territory (Oklahoma), but no Indians are included; it can be found at end of the Arkansas schedules, roll 52.

M653:








 

 

1870 Census

Note: Indians in the general population were identified in column 6, Color, by "I" or "In." Some reservations were identified, but very few, if any, Indians were identified. No census was taken in Indian Territory (Oklahoma).

M593:









 

1880 Census

Note: Indians in the general population were identified in column 4, Color, by "I" or "In." Some reservations were identified, but very few, if any, Indians were identified. No census was taken in Indian Territory (Oklahoma).

T9:








 

1900 Census

Note: Indians on reservations and in the general population are identified in column 5, Color or Race. A special Indian schedule added additional questions to the general schedule. Special Indian schedules usually are found at the end of the county, but sometimes grouped together on last roll of microfilm for the state. Indians living with non-Indian families outside of reservations were enumerated on general schedule with those families. There was a census of Indian Territory (Oklahoma) taken (See T1082, rolls 1,843-1,854).

Twelth Census of the U.S. (1900): Special Inquiries Relating to Indians (Data Collection Sheet)
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T623:










 

1910 Census

Note: Indians on reservations and in the general population are identified in column 6, Color or Race. Special Indian schedule added additional questions to the general schedule. Special Indian schedules are found in county where Indian was living. Indians living with non-Indian families outside of reservations were enumerated on general schedule with those families.

Thirteenth Census of the U.S. (1910): Special Inquiries Relating to Indians (Data Collection Sheet)
Page 1   Page 2

T624:









 

1920 Census

Note: Indians on reservations and in the general population are identified in column 10, Color or Race, in the county where they were living. There were no special Indian schedules.

T625:











 

1930 Census

Note: Indians on reservations and in the general population are identified in column 12, Color or Race, in the county where they were living. The degree of Indian blood is noted in column 19; the tribe is noted in column 20. There were no special Indian schedules.

T626:














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