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Records of the Civilian Conservation Corps鈥揑ndian Division

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The Civilian Conservation Corps鈥揑ndian Division (CCC-ID) was established in the 1930s to help American Indians impacted by the Great Depression.

The 威尼斯人娱乐场 has multiple series of records relating to the CCC鈥揑D, including correspondence, reports, employment applications, and photographs.

Return to American Indian and Alaska Native Records in the 威尼斯人娱乐场

 

 

Historical Overview

Congress established the Emergency Conservation Work (ECW) program on March 31, 1933 (48 Stat. 22). Over $5,000,000 was initially allocated to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) to coordinate emergency conservation work on federally recognized American Indian reservations.1 The BIA鈥檚 Forestry Division initially oversaw this work, but on May 22, 1933, a separate Indian Emergency Conservation Work Division (IECW) was established with its own director and multiple field districts. When the ECW became the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) on July 1, 1937, the name of the IECW was likewise changed to the Civilian Conservation Corps Indian Division (CCC-ID). Daniel E. Murphy was the director of both the IECW and the CCC-ID throughout most of their existence, although the director of the CCC approved the program鈥檚 funding.2

The dual objectives of the CCC-ID program were to provide employment for American Indians and to accomplish useful conservation work. The BIA, in consultation with tribal authorities, selected and trained CCC-ID enrollees. Enrollment was open to American Indians over age 18 who were physically fit. Most enrollees worked close to home on their own reservations. CCC-ID enrollees were paid the same as their white counterparts (i.e., $30 per month plus room and board) if they lived in CCC camps. They could also choose to live at home, in which case they earned a smaller stipend (e.g., $15 per month in 1936). In the first three years of the program (July 1933鈥揓une 30, 1936), the BIA estimated that over 30,000 American Indians had been employed in emergency conservation work.3

The BIA was also responsible for managing and operating CCC-ID projects in consultation with tribal authorities. Projects included fire prevention work, road and trail construction, weed and pest control, construction of telephone lines, fence construction, erosion and flood control work, water supply projects, planting of trees and forest improvement work, and other activities.4

The CCC-ID field work was terminated on July 10, 1942, although the Washington office staff continued to operate for some time to complete its affairs.5

BIA Headquarters Records

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Example of a CCC-ID project featured in Indians at Work, March 1938

The 威尼斯人娱乐场 in Washington, DC (Archives 1), has headquarters-level records of the BIA in Record Group 75. These records include administrative correspondence and reports related to the CCC-ID鈥檚 operations nationwide; select series are listed below.

For the full archival records descriptions in the , please select the 威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifiers provided. For questions related to these series, please email the Archives 1 Reference Branch at archives1reference@nara.gov.

  • 鈥淕eneral Records, 1933鈥�1944鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
    • A box list is available in the .
  • 鈥淩ecords Concerning the Enrollees Program, 1937鈥�1942鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
    • A folder list is available in the .

  • 鈥淣arrative and Pictorial Reports, 1937鈥�1942鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

  • 鈥淩ecords Relating to the Magazine Indians at Work, 1936鈥�1942鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

BIA Field Office Records

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Enrollee Identification Card for Edwin McGhee, Pierre Indian School

BIA field office records can include correspondence, reports, work plans, pay and appropriation ledgers, personnel files, and other records related to CCC-ID enrollees and projects on individual American Indian reservations. These records are housed at 威尼斯人娱乐场 research facilities based on the state in which the field office was located.

Examples are listed below. Select the 威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifiers for the full archival records descriptions in the . For questions related to the records, please contact the 威尼斯人娱乐场 research facility indicated.

  • Cherokee Indian Agency: 鈥淩ecords Relating to Activities of the Civilian Conservation Corps (Indian Division), 1936鈥�1943鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Fort Belknap Agency: 鈥淐ivilian Conservation Corps Enrollee Records, 1938鈥�1942鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Hoopa Valley Agency: 鈥淎dministrative Files Relating to the Civilian Conservation Corps Indian Division Activities, 1933鈥�1943鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Mission Agency: 鈥淓mployment Applications for Civilian Conservation Corps鈥揑ndian Division (CCC-ID) Enrollees, 1937鈥�1939鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Pierre Indian School: 鈥淓nrollee Identification Cards, 10/19/1937鈥�8/29/1938鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Ponca Subagency: 鈥淐entral Classified Files Relating to the Civilian Conservation Corps鈥揑ndian Division (CCC-ID), 1935鈥�1943鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Sac and Fox Agency and Sanitorium: 鈥淐ivilian Conservation Corps Indian Division Employee Records, 1933鈥�1942鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Umatilla Agency: 鈥淩ecords Relating to Civilian Conservation Corps鈥揑ndian Division Programs and Activities, 1935鈥�1942鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

Photographs

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Bridge Built by the CCC-ID on Six Mile Creek, Fort Berthold Agency

The Still Picture Branch at the 威尼斯人娱乐场 at College Park, MD, has the following series of photographs related to emergency conservation work on American Indian reservations:

  • 鈥淚ndian Reservations and Agencies, 1927鈥�1940鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

  • 鈥淧hotographs taken by Wilfred J. Mead of CCC Activities, 1940鈥�1942鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

For questions related to this series, please email stillpix@nara.gov. For additional BIA photographs from the Still Picture Branch, see BIA Photographs Finding Aid.

Other photographs related to CCC-ID activities are found among records of individual BIA agencies. Examples include the following series:

  • Fort Berthold Agency: 鈥淧hotographs, 1900鈥�1960鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Mission Agency: 鈥淧hotographs, 1936鈥�1942鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Warm Springs Agency: 鈥淧hotographs, ca. 1933鈥揷a. 1938鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

Cartographic Records

The Cartographic Branch at the 威尼斯人娱乐场 at College Park, MD, has the following series of maps related to the CCC-ID:

  • 鈥淧ublished and Annotated Administrative Maps, 1878鈥�1947鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
    • This series includes maps showing CCC-ID districts.
  • 鈥淢aps Relating to Civilian Conservation Corps Work, 1935鈥�1941鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
    • An item list is available in the .

For questions related to these records, please email carto@nara.gov.

Additional maps related to CCC-ID activities are found among records of individual BIA agencies. Examples include the following series:

  • Mission Agency: 鈥淢aps Relating to Emergency Conservation Works, 1937鈥�1937鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

Additional Resources

 

Notes

1. Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior, 1934 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1934), p. 102. Available online through HathiTrust Digital Library: (accessed April 14, 2023).

2. Edward E. Hill, comp., Preliminary Inventory of the Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Record Group 75 (PI-163), Vol. 1 (Washington, DC: 威尼斯人娱乐场 and Records Service, 1965).

3. Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior, 1936 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1936), p. 189. Available online through HathiTrust Digital Library: (accessed April 14, 2023).

4. Hill, PI-163.

5. Hill, PI-163.

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