威尼斯人娱乐场

Bureau of Indian Affairs Boarding School Records at the 威尼斯人娱乐场 in Washington, DC

The 威尼斯人娱乐场 and Records Administration (NARA) has many Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) records relating to Native American boarding schools. These records are in Record Group 75 and are located at NARA research facilities across the country. Please see BIA Schools for a partial list. 

The 威尼斯人娱乐场 in Washington, DC (Archives 1), houses headquarters-level records of the BIA. In general, these records provide a high-level overview of the BIA鈥檚 involvement in creating, maintaining, and supporting Native American boarding schools.

Examples are listed below by record type. Select the 威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifiers for the full archival records descriptions in the . For questions related to these records, please email the Archives 1 Reference Branch at archives1reference@nara.gov.

Census Records

NARA does not have a consolidated list of all students who attended Native American boarding schools over time. However, Archives 1 has select census records that document Native American students who attended boarding schools in particular years. These records are most useful for identifying students by name and school, and often by tribal affiliation as well.

Below are the main series of BIA census records at Archives 1 related to Native American boarding schools. Please note that additional censuses can be interfiled in BIA correspondence series (see Correspondence below).

• 鈥淐ensus Roll and List of Allotments of Ottawa Indians of Kansas, 1863鈥�1864鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淚ndian Census Rolls, 1885鈥�1941鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • These records are digitized. See How Can I Access the Indian Census Rolls? for links.
• 鈥淐ensus Records of Southern Utes of School Age at Southern Ute Agency and of Mescalero and White Mountain Apaches, 1892鈥�1892鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩evised Roll of Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux in South Dakota, 1903鈥�1903鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淎nnual School Census Reports, 1912鈥�1939鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

• 鈥淢iscellaneous Population and Education Census Rolls, ca. 1955鈥揷a. 1960鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

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Circulars and Replies

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"Children of Indian Employees Attending Federal Boarding Schools," BIA Circular Letter, March 28, 1933 (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

Circulars are generally one- to three-page letters from high-level administrators at the BIA to the agency鈥檚 field officials. Most established or clarified policies and procedures that field officials were expected to follow. However, circulars also solicited information from field officials for use in administrative reports, policy assessment, or other purposes.

Archives 1 has several series of BIA circulars, most dating to the early to mid-twentieth century. (Circulars issued prior to 1854 were usually copied into letter books of outgoing correspondence; see Correspondence below for specific series.) These records can be useful for understanding the BIA鈥檚 overall approach to administering federal boarding schools for Native Americans, including the students who were eligible to attend and the general content of school curricula.

But circulars can also hint at potentially useful records in other series, such as correspondence. For example, a 1933 BIA circular to agency superintendents (see right) asked for feedback on a proposed policy to prohibit Native American employees鈥� children from attending boarding schools. The circular specifically asked for information about individual children whom the policy might negatively affect. Thus, replies to this circular (if extant) might include names of Native children who were attending boarding schools at the time the circular was issued.

For related series, please see Correspondence and Superintendency Records below.

• 鈥淥rders and Circulars, 1854鈥�1955鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .
• 鈥淐irculars, Orders, and Other Issuances, 1876鈥�1962鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐irculars Issued [by the Education Division], 1897鈥�1909鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐irculars Issued by the Superintendent of Indian Schools, 1899鈥�1908鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩eplies to Circulars, 1907鈥�1935鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

• 鈥淩ecords Concerning a School Survey, 1922鈥�1922鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

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Correspondence

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Alfred Arviso requests to attend junior college at Sherman Institute (File 46675-1929-806-Sherman Institute; 威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

Correspondence represents the bulk of the BIA headquarters-level records at Archives 1. BIA administrators communicated frequently with field officials, tribes, other federal agencies, private organizations, religious groups, and members of Congress and the public. Whereas reports and statistics provide a high-level overview of BIA activities, and circulars and replies focus on a specific policy or procedure, correspondence offers a more granular level of detail about the BIA鈥檚 interactions with Native American tribes and individuals.

This does not mean that all individuals who attended Native American boarding schools are documented by name in BIA headquarters-level correspondence; BIA field officials, such as teachers and superintendents, interacted locally with students and did not always need to consult agency administrators about day-to-day activities. But when they did, or when students or their family members wrote to BIA administrators directly, headquarters-level correspondence can include important details about students鈥� experiences at boarding schools.

Bureau of Indian Affairs Records: Correspondence Files discusses most BIA headquarters-level correspondence for the time period 1800鈥�1880.

Bureau of Indian Affairs Central Classified Files, 1907鈥�1975 discusses most BIA headquarters-level correspondence for the time period 1907鈥�1975.

In addition to the records described on those pages, the following series of BIA headquarters-level correspondence also contain information about Native American boarding schools:

• 鈥淥versized Records, ca. 1859鈥�1934鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淟etters Received, 1881鈥�1907鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • See the blog post 鈥溾�� for more information about these records.
• 鈥淧ress Copies of Letters Sent, 1870鈥�1908鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淟etters Concerning Schools Sent by the Secretary of the Interior to Officials in Indian Territory, 1898鈥�1906鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淏riefs of Investigations, 1899鈥�1911鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淎bstracts of Letters Relating to Epidemics, 1901鈥�1908鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐orrespondence Concerning Estelle Reel, Superintendent of Indian Schools, 1902鈥�1902鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩ecords Concerning Former Students, 1910鈥�1925鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淕eneral Correspondence [of the Board of Indian Commissioners], 1919鈥�1933鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐orrespondence Concerning Field Personnel, 1930鈥�1939鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐orrespondence [of the Branch of Property and Supply], 1936鈥�1936 (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩ecords Relating to the Catawba Tribe, 1940鈥�1962鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

Alaska Division Correspondence

Archives 1 also has correspondence from the Alaska Division, which was originally part of the Department of the Interior鈥檚 Office of Education. For more information about the Alaska Division, please see its organization authority record in the .

Most Alaska Division correspondence is digitized. For additional BIA records relating to Alaska, see Alaska Digitization Project.

• 鈥淟etters Received, 1883鈥�1907鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .
• 鈥淟etters Sent, 1887鈥�1908鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .
• 鈥淐orrespondence and Reports, 1896鈥�1901鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐orrespondence Concerning the Metlakatla Controversy, 1897鈥�1931鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .
• 鈥淧ress Copies of Letters Sent, 1898鈥�1903鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淟etters Sent to the Secretary of the Interior, 1907鈥�1908鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .
• 鈥淚ndexes to General Correspondence, 1910鈥�1930鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .
• 鈥淕eneral Correspondence, 1908鈥�1935鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .

• 鈥淐opies of Letters and Telegrams Sent, 1935鈥�1937鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

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Financial Records

BIA annual reports often indicate the total amount the agency spent on education for Natives in a given fiscal year (see Reports below). However, BIA financial records at Archives 1 can provide more precise information about appropriations and expenditures for specific boarding schools, both federal and private.

On a broad level, these records provide concrete evidence of the federal government鈥檚 investment in and support for Native American boarding schools. More specifically, these records can be helpful for developing a comprehensive list of Native American boarding schools and the years they operated.

Most BIA appropriation ledgers and expenditure statements at Archives 1 are arranged chronologically. For years that fall outside of the series listed below, consult the relevant BIA correspondence series (see Correspondence above). 

Additional financial records can be found among BIA superintendency records (see Superintendency Records below) and statistical records (see Statistics below).

• 鈥淎ppropriation Ledgers, 1837鈥�1921鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐ontracts and Bonds for Goods and Services, 1875鈥�1911鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • Note: Volumes 124鈥�139 contain contracts made with religious and other organizations operating boarding, day, and public schools.
• 鈥淩egisters of Contracts, 1878鈥�1926鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩ecords of School Contracts, 1887鈥�1911鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪tatements of Accounts of Disbursing Officers, 1900鈥�1908鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淎ccounting Ledgers Showing Appropriations, Authorizations, and Expenditures, 1907鈥�1922鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淎ppropriation Ledgers for Expenditures for Field Work, 1917鈥�1924鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪tatements of Expenditures by Agencies and Schools, 1917鈥�1931鈥� ( 威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淎nnual Statements of Expenditures by States, 1920鈥�1925鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淰arious Land and Finance Records, 1920鈥�1950鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

• 鈥淪tudent Records Relating Principally to Loan Applications, 1948鈥�1949鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

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General Records

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Elizabeth Yellowbird's examination paper from Haskell Institute, 1915 (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

The series described in this section do not fall easily into other record categories. Some of the series are broad and include many different types of records (e.g., correspondence, memoranda, and reports). Others are narrow and include very specific types of records (e.g., examination papers).

As with the correspondence series described above (see Correspondence), boarding school information in these series is often dispersed and only identified after an in-depth examination of the records. However, all series listed here include some degree of information about Native American boarding schools or the students who attended them.

For example, the examination paper to the right was written by Elizabeth Yellowbird, a sixteen-year-old girl enrolled in an agriculture class at Haskell Institute in 1915. In her paper, Elizabeth describes the impact of cold weather and snowfall on soil conditions.

• 鈥淩eports, Lists, Statements, and Other Records, 1836鈥�1887鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩eference Materials, ca. 1875鈥�1933鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩eference Books Concerning Schools, 1882鈥�1909鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淓xamination Papers, 1888鈥�1915鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淕eneral Records Relating to Education, 1889鈥�1972鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪ummary Descriptions of Indian Agencies and Schools, 1904鈥�1906鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淢emoranda and Other Records, 1905鈥�1915鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩ecords Concerning Indians, Indian Culture, and Activities of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, ca. 1906鈥�1965鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪ubject Files, 1910鈥�1969鈥� 威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淕eneral Subject Files, 1929鈥�1968鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪chool Calendars, 1930鈥�1934鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩ecords Relating to a Social and Economic Survey, 1933鈥�1934鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淕eneral Records, 1933鈥�1944鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩eports and Other Records [of the Statistics Division], 1933鈥�1948鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩ecords Relating to Summer Education Programs, 1951鈥�1969鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩ecords Relating to Agencies Transferred from Area Office to Central Office Jurisdiction, 1955鈥�1960鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

• 鈥淩ecords Relating of the Office of Economic Opportunity Programs, 1964鈥�1968鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

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Office Files of BIA Officials

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Proposed press release about Interior Department employees' response to the Indian New Deal (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

Archives 1 has several series of office files maintained by BIA commissioners and other high-level administrators during their tenure. These files can include correspondence, reports, and secondary sources about Native American boarding schools. Such records can shed light on administrators鈥� thought processes while developing and implementing agency policy about boarding schools, as well as suggest the internal and external resources they consulted to inform their decisions.

For example, the document to the right is a proposed press release about the Interior Department鈥檚 response to alleged resistance from employees to parts of the Indian New Deal, including a shift from boarding schools to day schools. The document is part of a file on publicity maintained by Commissioner John Collier (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: ). Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes ultimately did not approve the press release, citing it as 鈥渄angerous.鈥�

Additional records created and received by BIA administrators can be found in BIA correspondence series (see Correspondence above).

• 鈥淩eference Files of William Hamilton, 1888鈥�1926鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • William Hamilton was the Assistant Chief of the Alaska Division, which coordinated federal education for Alaska Natives.
• 鈥淥ffice Files of Hervey B. Peairs, 1910鈥�1927鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • Hervey B. Peairs was the BIA鈥檚 Superintendent of Indian Education from 1910 to 1917 and from 1921 to 1926, as well as the BIA鈥檚 General Superintendent of Indian Education (later, Director of Indian Education) from 1926 to 1930. For the period 1921 to 1926, he was also Superintendent of Haskell Institute.
• 鈥淩eference Files of Carrie A. Lyford, ca. 1921鈥�1932鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • Carrie A. Lyford was a Demonstration Teacher of Home Economics and later an Associate Supervisor of Home Economics for the BIA.
• 鈥淥ffice Files of Carrie A. Lyford, 1929鈥�1932鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淥ffice Files of Mary Stewart, 1929鈥�1936鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • Mary Stewart was the BIA鈥檚 Assistant Director of Education from 1929 to 1936. She later became the BIA鈥檚 Superintendent of Indian Education.
• 鈥淥ffice Files of W. Carson Ryan, 1931鈥�1935鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • W. Carson Ryan was the BIA鈥檚 Director of Education during the early 1930s.
• 鈥淥ffice Files of Commissioner John Collier, 1933鈥�1945鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is available online through ProQuest鈥檚 American Indians and the American West database, which is accessible for free on-site at NARA research facilities.
• 鈥淥ffice Files of John Herrick, Assistant to the Commissioner, 1936鈥�1941鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩ecords of Advisor Ward Shepard, 1936鈥�1948鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淥ffice Files of Associate Commissioner James E. Officer, 1959鈥�1967鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐orrespondence Files of Commissioner Philleo Nash, 1961鈥�1966鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淥ffice Files of Commissioner Philleo Nash, 1961鈥�1966鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淥ffice Files of Commissioner Robert L. Bennett, 1966鈥�1969鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪ubject Files of Commissioner Louis R. Bruce, 1969鈥�1972鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淥ffice Files of Commissioner Louis R. Bruce, 1969鈥�1972鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

• 鈥淐ommissioner Morris Thompson's Files, 1974鈥�1976鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

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Publications

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The Oklahoma Indian School Magazine (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

NARA generally does not collect government publications. In most instances, published materials are considered to be 鈥渘on-record鈥� material and are not included among our record holdings. For more information, please see Government Publications and Library Materials.

However, the BIA, like other federal agencies, maintained record copies of select laws, regulations, pamphlets, and other government publications, which became part of the permanent BIA records at Archives 1. These publications include select Indian School Service regulations and manuals, which provide information about boarding school policy.

Records also include copies of select student-produced newspapers and magazines, such as The Oklahoma Indian School Magazine pictured at right, which was produced by students at the Cheyenne-Arapaho Boarding School (also known as the Concho Boarding School) in 1933 (see 威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: ). Student publications can illuminate student life at boarding schools and provide names, tribal affiliations, and sometimes photographs of select students.

Additional copies of government regulations and manuals can be interfiled within BIA correspondence series (see Correspondence above). Additional copies of student-produced media can be found in BIA field office records at other NARA research facilities. See Navigating Record Group 75: BIA Schools for a select list of federal boarding schools and the NARA facilities that have their records.

• 鈥淧ublications Relating to Indian Schools, 1885鈥�1952鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淧ublications Files, 1907鈥�1950鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

• 鈥淩egulations of the United States Indian Field Service, 1929鈥�1957鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

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Reports

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Report of the Indian School Superintendent, 1885 (House Executive Document 1, Part 5, 49th Congress, 1st Session; Image courtesy of )

The BIA, like other federal agencies, annually reports on its activities and expenditures to its Cabinet-level Department (the War Department from 1824 to 1849, and the Department of the Interior since 1849), and through that Department, to Congress. These reports have taken different forms over the years, but they usually compile narrative and statistical information from across the agency鈥檚 field offices to demonstrate the agency鈥檚 fulfillment of its mission.

As education has been an important component of the federal government鈥檚 policies for assimilating Native Americans, most annual reports include information about educational activities for Natives鈥攊ncluding information about the establishment and maintenance of Native boarding schools (federal and private) and statistics representing student enrollment and deaths at these schools.

For example, beginning in 1880, the annual reports include specific reports from boarding schools like Carlisle. From 1885 to 1906, the annual reports also include a special report from the Indian School Superintendent, a position authorized by Congress in 1882 to inspect schools for Natives, ensure that treaty stipulations related to education were carried out, and implement a plan for educating all Native youth. After 1906, the annual reports tend to focus on overall BIA policies and programs and less on specific activities at individual agencies and schools.

The BIA鈥檚 annual reports are published and available online through multiple sources. Copies of some annual reports are interfiled within BIA correspondence series (see Correspondence above) and BIA superintendency records (see Superintendency Records below).

Archives 1 also houses primary source material that the BIA used to compile its annual reports. These records include narrative and statistical reports from superintendents, inspection reports, medical reports, school reports, and other reports specific to a BIA agency or jurisdiction, most of which are from the 20th century. These reports can provide useful detail about specific agencies and schools that is often absent in 20th-century annual reports. For additional information, please see Statistics below.

Alaska Division Reports

• 鈥淎nnual School Reports, 1933鈥�1937鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .
• 鈥淨uarterly School Reports, 1937鈥�1940鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .

Annual Reports

• Annual Reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (Government Publishing Office)
  • Annual reports from approximately 1826 through 1932 have been digitized and made available online for free through the University of Wisconsin Libraries鈥� .
  • More recent reports are typically subsumed within the annual reports of the Secretary of the Interior, many of which are available online for free through the . Additional copies may be found at .
• 鈥淪uperintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, 1910鈥�1935鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the . 

Inspection Reports

• 鈥淚nspection Reports, 1908鈥�1940鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

Medical Reports

• 鈥淗ospital Reports, 1923鈥�1938鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淧hysicians鈥� Annual and Semiannual Reports, 1925鈥�1930鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩eports of Field Nurses, 1931鈥�1943鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩eports of School Social Workers, 1932鈥�1936鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐ase Records Concerning the Traveling Mental Health Clinic, 1935鈥�1935鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

School Reports

• 鈥淪tatistical School Reports, 1901鈥�1936鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淨uarterly School Reports, 1910鈥�1939鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淎nnual School Reports, 1924鈥�1937鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪emiannual School Reports, 1925鈥�1937鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

Miscellaneous Reports

• 鈥淪chool Reports [Mackinac Agency], 1855鈥�1882鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淢onthly School Reports for the Tulalip Agency in Washington, 1874鈥�1911鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淨uarterly School Reports for the Puyallup and Tulalip Agencies in Washington, 1886鈥�1910鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪ummaries of Work Completed and Records Relating to Mission Schools, 1887鈥�1891鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩ecords of Schools, 1895鈥�1895鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩eports of the Commissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes, 1908鈥�1913鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩eports Concerning Graduates of Indian Schools, 1914鈥�1916鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩eports and Related Records, 1943鈥�1967鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

• 鈥淧rogress Reports, 1962鈥�1974鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

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School Land and Building Records

Archives 1 has select BIA records documenting boarding school buildings and the land set aside for them. These records can be useful for pinpointing where boarding schools were located.

Additional records related to BIA buildings and land can be found in BIA correspondence series (see Correspondence above). NARA鈥檚 Cartographic Branch also has relevant BIA maps.

Other records might be found in Record Group 49, Records of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Archives 1 has headquarters-level records of the BLM.

• 鈥淎llotment Schedules, 1856鈥�1935鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淎bstracts of Official Reports Concerning School Plants, 1898鈥�1905鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淎bstract of Title to Property in Riverside, California, 1900鈥�1900鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐ontract Papers Concerning Construction of Federal Buildings in Alaska, 1930鈥�1932鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

• 鈥淔iles for Public Works Administration Projects, 1931鈥�1943鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

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Statistics

BIA officials maintained statistical records about Native American education to assist with decision-making and reporting requirements. Sometimes, these statistics were drawn from reports that are also housed at Archives 1 (see Reports above). At other times, the original reports were not retained, and only the statistics now remain. Regardless, these series can be useful for tracking enrollment, attendance, and expenditures at federal boarding schools over time. Some series also document private boarding schools, reservation day schools, and public schools.

For related records, see Correspondence, Financial Records, and Reports above.

• 鈥淒ata Book for the Civilization Fund, ca. 1824鈥�1832鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪tatistics Relating to Education, 1859鈥�1869鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩oster of Schools from New York to Makah, 1862鈥�1864鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩osters and Statistics Relating to Indian Schools, 1874鈥�1884鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪tatistics from Monthly Sanitary Reports, 1880鈥�1881鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪tatistics Relating to Indian Schools, 1882鈥�1909鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐opies of Statistics Relating to Schools, 1890鈥�1908鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪tatistics from Semimonthly School Reports, 1893鈥�1895鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淓nrollment and Attendance Statistics from Monthly School Reports, January 1895鈥揙ctober 1895鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪tatistics from Monthly School Reports, July 1895鈥揓une 1896鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪tatistics from Monthly School Reports, 1904鈥�1910鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淓ducational Survey Forms, 1929鈥�1932鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淢onthly Statistical Reports, 1941鈥�1968鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

Alaska Division Statistics

• 鈥淪tatistical Charts on the Operation of Native Schools, 1925鈥�1928鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .
• 鈥淕raph and Statistical Tables on School and Medical Services, 1922鈥�1923鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

  • This series is digitized in the .

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Superintendency Records

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Estimate of appropriations necessary to establish an agricultural and industrial school for tribes in the Puget Sound area, 1862 (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

BIA superintendency records at Archives 1 can often provide more granular information about agency activities鈥攊ncluding educational activities and school administration鈥攖han headquarters-level records. They can be particularly useful for tracing early efforts at establishing federal boarding schools in certain areas.

For example, the document to the right, which dates to 1862, lists an estimate of appropriations necessary to establish an agricultural and industrial school for tribes in the Puget Sound area, as promised in Article 14 of the . The document estimates the cost of building a 鈥渟chool house鈥� and 鈥渂oarding house for scholars,鈥� among other school buildings, at $2,500.00.

Available records, however, vary widely by superintendency. For some superintendencies, Archives 1 has correspondence (letters sent and received), ledgers, accounts, and other records. For other superintendencies, Archives 1 does not have separate series of records. To find records of these superintendencies, consult BIA headquarters-level correspondence and annual reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. (See Correspondence and Reports above for more information.)

For more information about BIA superintendencies, see the blog post 鈥�.鈥�

Microfilmed Records

See BIA Superintendency Records for a list of microfilmed records and their online availability.

Original Records

Michigan Superintendency

• 鈥淟etters Received, 1849鈥�1882鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

Oregon Superintendency

• 鈥淐orrespondence, Financial Records, Reports, and Other Records, ca. 1852鈥�1878鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

Washington Superintendency

• 鈥淟etters Received, Reports, Accounts, and Other Records, 1864鈥�1873鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

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Carlisle Indian Industrial School

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Photograph of Jim Thorpe, Carlisle Indian Industrial School (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

Archives 1 has surviving historical records created and maintained by the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, which operated from 1879 to 1918. These records are incomplete. However, they include student files and registers, which can provide a student鈥檚 name, age, tribal affiliation, and inclusive dates of attendance/enrollment. These records can also indicate if a student died at school and the cause of death.

Photographs of students and information about their activities after leaving Carlisle are sometimes included. For example, Jim Thorpe鈥檚 student file includes photographs and newspaper clippings about his success at the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm (see 威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: ).

Additional records relating to Carlisle can be found in BIA correspondence series (see Correspondence above).

Note: Dickinson College鈥檚 has digitized most Carlisle records at Archives 1.

• 鈥淚ndex to Letters Received, ca. 1905鈥揷a. 1905鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淟etters Sent, August 28, 1900鈥揗ay 6, 1901鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩egisters of Pupils, 1890鈥�1906鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐onsecutive Record of Pupils Enrolled, 1905鈥�1918鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淚ndexes to Student Records, 1879鈥�1918鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .
• 鈥淪tudent Records, 1879鈥�1918鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩eports on Examinations and Promotions of Pupils, 1917鈥�1918鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淪tudent Record Cards, 1879鈥�1918鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
  • This series is digitized in the .
• 鈥淪tudent Information Cards, 1879鈥�1918鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淓nrollment Cards, ca. 1897鈥�1913鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淎ttendance Books, 1884鈥�1891鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淓nrollment Status Book, 1898鈥�1902鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩ecords Concerning Former Students, ca. 1898鈥揷a. 1898鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩egister of Applications for Student Workers, 1885鈥�1890鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩egisters of Outings, 1881鈥�1918鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淟edgers for Student Savings Accounts, 1890鈥�1918鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淛ournal for Payments to Boys, 1908鈥�1912鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淛ournal for the YWCA (Young Women's Christian Association) Account, 1910鈥�1914鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淢inutes of the Invincible Debating Society, 1894鈥�1918鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淩egister of Visitors, 1909鈥�1917鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淧ublished Newspapers, 1898鈥�1903鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )
• 鈥淐orrespondence Files Concerning the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, ca. 1916鈥�1966鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

• 鈥淧ublications and Records Relating to Indian Schools, ca. 1890鈥揷a. 1939鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier: )

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