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Space

Information about the United States’ space flight programs, including NASA missions and the astronauts who participate in the efforts to explore Earth's galaxy.

Contents:

• NARA Resources
  • Finding Aids for Records on Space Exploration
  • Presidential Libraries
• General Space Resources
  • CRS Reports
• Timeline
• NASA’s Space Centers
• NASA’s Space Programs
• Hubble Space Telescope
• Space Exploration Biographies
• Women in Space History
  • Mercury 13

SPACE EXPLORATION BIOGRAPHIES (In Alphabetical Order)

Astronaut Bruce McCandless.
(Courtesy of NASA JSC Digital Image Collection)

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  (Click on the Career Astronauts icon; then click on the icon for Active & Management Astronauts, Former Astronauts, or International Astronauts for the respective index. For information about payload specialists, click on that icon instead of Career Astronauts.)
   
• Aldrin, Edwin Eugene "Buzz", 1930-present, became the second person to step on the moon as a member of the Apollo 11 crew.
   
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    Includes biographical information, space education, and a gallery.
     
  • See also: "Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr., Dr." Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Vol. 18. Gale Research, 1998.
     
• Anders, Bill, 1933-present, lunar module pilot for Apollo 8, the first manned lunar orbit mission.
   
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• Anderson, Michael P., 1959-2003, died in the Columbia disaster.
   
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    NASA’s memorial for Anderson.
     
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• Armstrong, Neil Alden, 1930-present, became the first man to step on the moon as a member of the Apollo 11 crew on July 20, 1969.
   
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    Biography from Encyclopedia Astronautica.
     
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  • See also: "Neil Alden Armstrong." Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998.

    
    Astronauts Neil Armstrong and David Scott pose for Gemini VIII Mission.
    (Courtesy of NASA JSC Digital Image Collection)

• Bluford, Guion Stewart "Guy," Jr., 1942-present, became the first African-American in space on August 30, 1983.
   
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  • See also: "Guy Bluford." Contemporary Black Biography, Volume 35. Edited by Ashyia Henderson. Gale Group, 2002 and "Guion Stewart Bluford, Jr." Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998.
     
• Borman, Frank, 1928-present, Commander of Apollo 8, the first manned lunar orbit mission.
   
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• Brown, David M., 1956-2003, died in the Columbia disaster.
   
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    NASA’s memorial page for David Brown.
     
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• Carpenter, Malcom Scott, 1925-present, was one of the Mercury Project astronauts.
   
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    Biography of Carpenter from NASA’s 40th Anniversary of the Mercury Project.
     
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    Includes biographical information, video and audio clips, and a gallery.
     
• Chaffee, Roger Bruce, 1935-1967, died in the Apollo 1 accident.
   
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• Chawla, Kalpana, 1961-2003, died in the Columbia disaster.
   
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    NASA’s memorial for Chawla.
     
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• Clark, Laurel Blair Salton, 1961-2003, died in the Columbia disaster.
   
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    NASA’s memorial for Clark.
     
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• Collins, Eileen Marie, 1956-present, became the first female Shuttle Pilot in 1995 and the first female Shuttle Commander in 1999.
   
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    Profile of Collins from the Encyclopedia of World Biography.
     
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  • See also: "Eileen Collins." Newsmakers 1995, Issue 4. Gale Research, 1995.
     
• Collins, Michael, 1930-present, pilot of the command module on the Apollo 11 flight.
   
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• Cooper, Leroy Gordon, Jr., 1927-2004, was one of the Mercury astronauts.
   
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    Biography of Cooper from NASA’s 40th Anniversary of the Mercury Project.
     
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• Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. 1921-present, became the first American to orbit the Earth as part of the Mercury Project in February 1962 and the oldest as part of the Space Shuttle Program in October 1998.
   
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    Biography from Ohio History Central.
     
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    Biography from NASA’s 40th Anniversary of the Mercury Project.
     
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    Uses Glenn’s restored boyhood home to teach the public about Glenn’s life, the Great Depression, and the home front during World War II.
     
  • See also: "John Herschel Glenn, Jr." Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998.
     
• Goddard, Robert H., 1882-1945, considered the father of modern rocketry.
   
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    Information about Dr. Goddard’s contributions, as well as those of Goddard Space Flight Center.
     
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    Contains the Papers of Robert H. Goddard, scans of documents by or about him, FAQs, and more.
     
• Grissom, Virgil Ivan "Gus," 1926-1967, became the second American to enter space as a member of the Mercury Project. Grissom died in 1967 in the Apollo 1 accident.
   
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  • See also: "Virgil Ivan Grissom." Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 8: 1966-1970. American Council of Learned Societies, 1988.
     
• Husband, Rick Douglas, 1957-2003, died in the Columbia disaster.
   
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    Husband’s memorial on the NASA site.
     
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• Jarvis, Gregory Bruce, 1944-1986, died in the Challenger disaster.
   
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• Jemison, Mae Carol, 1956-present, became the first African-American woman in space on September 12, 1992.
   
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    Jemison biography from Biography.com.
     
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  • See also: "Mae C. Jemison." Contemporary Black Biography, Volume 35. Edited by Ashyia Henderson. Gale Group, 2002.

    
    Crew of Shuttle Atlantis Mission STS-76.
    (Courtesy of NASA JSC Digital Image Collection)

• Lovell, James Arthur, 1928-present, was the first man to travel to the moon twice and the commander of the Apollo 13 mission.
   
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• Lucid, Shannon, 1943-present, holds the American single-mission endurance record for time on the Space Station Mir as a Shuttle-Mir Project participant.
   
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    NASA’s account of Lucid’s historic flight aboard the Russian space station Mir.
     
  • See also: "Shannon Lucid." Notable Women Scientists. Gale Group, 2000.
     
• McAuliffe, Sharon Christa, 1948-1986, died in the Challenger disaster.
   
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    McAuliffe biography from Biography.com.
     
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  • See also: "Christa McAuliffe." Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Vol. 20. Gale Group, 2000.
     
• McCool, William C., 1961-2003, died in the Columbia disaster.
   
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    NASA’s memorial for McCool.
     
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    Crew of the Apollo 7.
    (Courtesy of NASA JSC Digital Image Collection)
     
• McNair, Ronald Erwin, 1950-1986, died in the Challenger disaster. On a previous mission, he became the second African-American in space.
   
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  • See also: "Ronald E. McNair." Notable Black American Men. Gale Research, 1998.
     
• Onizuka, Ellison Shoji, 1946-1986, died in the Challenger disaster. On a previous mission, he became the first Asian-American in space.
   
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  • See also: "Ellison Onizuka." Notable Asian Americans. Gale Research, 1995.
     
• Roman, Ilan, 1954-2003, died in the Columbia disaster.
   
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    NASA’s memorial for Roman.
     
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• Resnik, Judith Arlene, 1949-1986, died in the Challenger disaster.
   
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  • See also: "Judith Arlene Resnik." Encyclopedia of World Biography Supplement, Vol. 22. Gale Group, 2002.
     
• Ride, Sally Kristen, 1951-present, became the first American woman in space in 1983.
   
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    Biography of Ride from Encyclopedia of World Biography.
     
  • See also: Notable Women Scientists. Gale Group, 2000.
     
• Scobee, Francis Richard "Dick," 1936-1986, died in the Challenger disaster.
   

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    Portrait of Mercury 7 astronauts.
    (Courtesy of NASA JSC Digital Image Collection)

• Schirra, Walter Marty, Jr., 1923-2007, was one of the Mercury Project astronauts.
   
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    Biography of Schirra from NASA’s 40th Anniversary of the Mercury Project.
     
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    A memorial website that features biographical information, Schirra’s reminiscences about missions, and a video.
     
• Shepard, Alan Bartlett, Jr., 1923-1998, became the first American to enter space on May 5, 1961 as a member of the Mercury Project.
   
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    Biography of Shepard from NASA’s 40th Anniversary of the Mercury Project.
     
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    Links to the transcript of a 1991 interview of Shepard and the designer of his Mercury space capsule, Maxime Faget.
     
• Slayton, Donald Kent "Deke," 1924-1993, was the only Mercury Project member who did not reach space in the 1960s. A heart condition delayed his space flight until July 1975 when he was an Apollo-Soyuz Test Project astronaut.
   
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    Biography of Slayton from NASA’s 40th Anniversary of the Mercury Project.
     
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• Smith, Michael John, 1945-1986, died in the Challenger disaster.
   
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• Sullivan, Kathryn Dwyer, 1951-present, became the first American woman to walk in space in 1984.
   
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• Von Braun, Wernher, 1912–1977, pioneer of rocket engineering and proponent of space exploration.
   
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    Biography of von Braun from NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center.
     
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    This page is part of the White Sands Missile Range Hall of Fame website.
     
• White, Edward Higgins, II, 1930-1967, died in the Apollo 1 accident.
   
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• Yeager, Charles Elwood "Chuck," 1923-present, first pilot to travel faster than the speed of sound in level flight and ascent.
   
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    Biography of Chuck Yeager appearing on the Centennial of Flight website.
     
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    Includes biographical information, a timeline, and special features.
     

WOMEN IN SPACE HISTORY

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  Information about women in aviation and space exploration.
   
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  Page from Space Today Online that gives a list of women’s firsts in space.
   
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  Timeline of women’s accomplishments in astrology, aviation, and space dating to 1847 when Maria Mitchell discovered a comet. Also features NASA’s female scientists and administrators.
   

Jerrie Cobb, first woman to undergo astronaut training.
(Courtesy of NASA Quest Site)

• Mercury 13 (First Lady Astronaut Trainees) were thirteen women secretly selected to be America’s first female astronauts as part of the Mercury Project. No member of the Mercury 13 has yet fulfilled her dream of spaceflight.
   
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    Profile of the first woman to pass the physical fitness tests designed to select the original U.S. astronauts.
     
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    Transcript of a 1999 NASA interview of Mary Wallace "Wally" Funk, one of the Mercury 13.
     
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    Website dedicated to telling the story of the women of the Mercury program.
     
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    Brief description of the program by Wally Funk.